Nothing empties in one go, and the partial version is what makes this workable. A long exhale takes off some percentage — five, maybe — and the value is that it repeats roughly fifteen times a minute for the rest of your life.
Fast thought needs fast breathing underneath it to keep going. Slow the bottom layer and the top layer struggles to hold the tempo; it's genuinely difficult to catastrophise properly at the pace of a six-second breath out. That's less a technique than a mechanical limitation, which is why it still works on days you have no faith in it.